The degree by which a fabric is able to withstand loss of
The ability of a fabric to take in moisture. Absorbency is a very important property, which effects many other characteristics such as skin comfort, static build-up, shrinkage, stain removal, water repellency, and wrinkle recovery.
Broadly speaking, any agreement to purchase goods at a stated price and under specified terms.
Profits that are not paid out as dividends but are added to the capital base of the corporation.
A manufactured fiber formed by a compound of cellulose, refined from cotton linters and/or the wood pulp of the mulberry trees. This material is then combined with acedic acid and is extruded through a spinneret and then hardened.
A process that alters the color of indigo denim fabrics by treating them with chemicals.
A manufactured fiber derived from polyacrylonitrile. Its major
A loan made on the security of the documents covering the shipment.
A bank, operating in the exporters’ country, which handles the letter of credit for a foreign bank by notifying the export firm that the credit has been opened in its
Indicates that a shipper's agent is not empowered to make decisions or adjustments without approval of the group he or she represents.
Any type of agriculture technology, including artificial
An individual or firm that serves as the foreign representative of a domestic supplier and seeks sales abroad for the supplier.
Reveals the soil conditions, biodiversity, average yield, water
The science and technology of crop production. It has
An alternative, non-harmful method of producing silk. Silk is
The porosity of a fabric as estimated by the ease with which
A bill of lading that covers both domestic and international flights transporting goods to a specified destination. This is a non-negotiable instrument of air transport that serves as a receipt for the shipper, indicating that the carrier has accepted the goods listed and obligates it to carry the consignment to the airport of destination according to specified conditions.
The side of a ship. Goods to be delivered “alongside” are to be placed on the dock or barge within reach of the transport ship’s tackle so that they can be loaded aboard the ship.
A natural long, fine hair fiber obtained from the Alpaca sheep, a
Very soft and very light fabric with a silky hand. The fiber is obtained from the Alpaca goat. Alpaca resembles mohair and is often imitated in cheaper versions using wool and rayon blends. It is used mainly for women's spring or fall coats, suits and sportswear.
Any energy source, such as wind or solar, other than fossil
The hair of the Angora goat. Also known as Angora mohair.
The term used to distinguish natural fibers obtained from animals. It includes alpaca, angora, goat hair, camel hair, cashmere, cow hair, fur, guanaco, hog hair, huarizo, llama, mohair, misti, Persian cashmere, rabbit hair, silk, sun, vicuna, worsted, worsted lop.
Greenhouse gases emitted as a result of burning fossil fuels,
Bacterial (Anti-Microbial) - A fabric that has been chemically treated or a fiber that is
These fabrics are treated with or made from materials that
The term that applies to the smoothness of fabrics - usually wash and wear or durable press after washing and tumble drying. Industry has adopted standard test methods for rating appearance.
A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain of synthetic polyamide in which at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings. Aramid fabrics are very strong and are resistant to high temperatures and extreme external forces. Aramid fabrics are used in thermally protective clothing; (i.e. coveralls, jackets, gloves, shirts, pants). U.S. FTC Definition: A manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in that is at least 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings.
The process of buying foreign exchange, stocks, bonds, and other commodities in one market and immediately selling them in another market at higher prices.
A mineral with long, thin fibrous crystals. It is a toxic substance known to cause serious illnesses, including malignant mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. Because it is soft, pliant and able to withstand heat, it can be woven into fabrics to improve flame-retardant and insulating properties. While its use is banned in many countries, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency still allows many consumer products to contain trace amounts of asbestos.
U.S. dollars deposited in Asia and the Pacific Basin.
Azurite is a very popular mineral because of its unparalleled color, a deep blue called "azure", hence its name. Azure is derived from the Arabic word for blue. It is used in jewelry and for dyes as mentioned above. It is also an unimportant ore of copper and closely associated with green malachite. See also Mineral dyes.
The dimension on a garment taken from the center collar attaching seam to the bottom of the garment, or in the case of a coverall, to the top of the waistband.
The dimension on a body, taken from the top of the back
Doesn't necessarily mean that it kills bacteria. A stat means
The difference between a country’s total imports and exports. If exports exceed imports, a favorable balance of trade exists; if not, a trade deficit exists.
A thick woven fabric that is extremely abrasion resistant and tough; has a denier of about 2000, and is used in apparel, packs and gear.
A natural textile made from the pulp of bamboo grass, it is considered sustainable, because the bamboo plant grows quickly and does not require the use of herbicides and pesticides to thrive. However, bamboo fiber is produced through the cellulosic process. Bamboo fabric retains many of the same qualities it has as a plant, including excellent wicking ability that pulls moisture away from the skin. It also retains antibacterial qualities, reducing bacteria that often thrives on clothing, which causes unpleasant odors.
Closely woven fabric with characteristic pebbly weave. Usually silk or rayon or blends with other fibers. Used for neckwear, dress goods, lightweight suitings.
To reinforce a seam with a bar of stitches that provides a more durable seam end. (Commonly used at points of strain.)
Trade in which merchandise is exchanged directly for other merchandise without use of money. Barter is an important means of trade with countries using currency that is not readily convertible.
The apparel in contact with your skin. The purpose of the
A variation of the plain weave construction, formed by treating two or more warp yarns and/or two or more filling yarns as one unit in the weaving process. Yarns in a basket weave are laid into the woven construction flat, and maintain a parallel relationship. Both balanced and unbalanced basket weave fabrics can be produced. Examples of basket weave construction includes monk cloth and oxford cloth.
A natural fiber collected from the inner bark surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonic plants. Most bast fibers are obtained from herbs cultivated in agriculture, including flax, Jute, hemp and ramie, but can include wild plants as well. Fibers typically have higher tensil strength than others kinds and are therefore used for textiles like ropes, yarn, paper, composite materials and burlap. While labor intensive, its production is considered more eco-friendly than the production of artificial fibers which are petroleum based.
A method of post curing durable press garments in which one group of garments at a time is placed in the curing ovens.
A medium-weight, plain weave fabric, usually made of cotton or cotton blends. End-uses include blouses and dresses.
Coarse form of renaissance lace either hand or machine made - from linen braid or tape and linen thread, assembled together to form various designs.
Variety of insertion laces or embroideries having rows of holes through which ribbon is laced.
Strong ribbed weave fabric with raised lines or cords produced by warp stuffing threads. May be wool, silk, cotton, rayon or combination fibers. Warp pique is a lighter weight. Bedford cord fabric used for dress goods, upholstery and work clothes. First made in America in New Bedford, Massachusetts, hence its name.
A mechanical treatment that uses beetlers or fallers to give fabric surfaces a flattened appearance. The spaces between warp and filling are covered up and tend to produce a high gloss to the material.
Piping or cording formed at lower and inside pocket welts.
The person in whose favor a letter of credit is issued or a draft is drawn.
A sturdy warp-faced fabric with pronounced crosswise ribs formed by bulky, coarse, plied yarns or rubber thread. Filling is not discernible on back or face of goods. Originating in Bengal, India, it is used mainly in coatings, mourning ensembles, and women's headwear. When cut to ribbon widths, it is called grosgrain.
An edging or reinforcement around a pocket opening.
Manufactured fiber made of continuous filaments, and made
An unconditional order in writing from one person (the drawer) to another (the drawee), directing the drawee to pay a specified amount to a named drawer at a fixed or determinable future date.
A document that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a transportation company under which freight is to be moved between specified points for a specified charge. Usually prepared by the shipper on forms issued by the carrier, it serves as a document of title, a contract of carriage, and a receipt for goods. Also see Air waybill, Inland Bill of Lading, Ocean Bill of Lading, and Through Bill of Lading.
The highest grade of material made from the best of stock - Saxony, Silesia, or Australia merino wool. Two up and one down twill weave is used. Cloth must be even and smooth for its use as covering for billiard tables.
based Polymers or Biopolymers - Bio-based Polymers (Biopolymers) are natural polymers
A bio-based material are materials intentionally made from
The ability of a material to break down through interaction with
The science of evaluating how plants and
Cotton or linen cloth woven on a dobby loom, characterized with a small geometric pattern that has a center dot resembling a bird's eye. Also, a cotton diaper cloth made in a birdseye weave.
A chemical substance which whitens fabrics. Common bleaches include chlorine, peroxide, and reducing agents such as sulphites. Bleaching is used to remove natural and other types of impurities and blemishes from fabrics prior to dyeing and finishing.
A process of whitening fibers, yarns, or fabrics by removing the natural and artificial impurities to obtain clear whites for finished fabric, or in preparation for dyeing and finishing. The materials may be treated with chemicals or exposed to sun, air, and moisture.
The running of color from wet dyed material onto a material next to it, or the running of colors together. Sometimes the property of bleeding is considered an asset as in bleeding Indian madras.
Combining of two or more types of staple fibers in one yarn to achieve color mixtures such as heather, unusual dyeing variations, or better performance characteristics. Blends of natural and man-made fibers are more important today than ever before and their number is virtually limitless.
The strategic placement of component materials in garment design and construction to provide the best possible movement and balance to enhance stamina or reduce fatigue for the wearer
A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for storage of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the goods are removed.
The technique of permanently joining together two fabrics - usually a face fabric and a lining fabric of tricot - into one package. Special adhesives, binders, or thin slices of foam may be used as the marrying agent. Fabrics can also be bonded to ultra-thin slices of foam or other materials on the cutting tables, and make possible easier handling of fragile cloths such as delicate laces, sheer materials, or lightweight knits
An arrangement with a steamship company for the acceptance and carriage of freight.
A membership-based research organization founded in 1985. They are involved in helping businesses leverage their social, economic, and human assets to ensure success and sustainable policies. Most recently, they collaborated with the Reputation Institute in ranking the U.S.’s top 50 companies.
Knitted or woven fabric with characteristic looped or knitted surface that often resembles a spongy effect. The term also applies to a variety of looped, curled or slubbed yarns. In French, boucle means "buckled" or "ringed".
Sometimes called passementerie or spaghetti by dress manufacturers who use it for trimming or binding. Usually refers to woven or plaited flat, round, or tubular narrow fabrics.
A Brazilian timber tree that has dense, orange-red heartwood. It is the premier wood used for making bows for string instruments from the violin family. The wood also yields a red dye called brazilin. See also Natural dyes.
Point on the front edge of the garment at which the roll of the lapel begins. Usually at the same point as the lower end of the bridle.
The movement of water or water vapor from one side of the
An antimicrobial that effectively controls or kills at least 3 of the basic microorganism groups. This term is important to help give a specific encompassing term to technologies that offer protection from the gamut of microorganisms, without the sometimes vague nature of the term antimicrobial, which could mean kills just one type or kills many types.
Originally a silk shirting fabric so named because it was woven in widths exceeding the usual 29". Today, broadcloth refers to a tightly woven, lustrous cotton or polyester/cotton blend fabric in a plain weave with a crosswise rib. It resembles poplin, but the rib is finer, and broadcloth always has more crosswise yarns (picks) than poplin.
A heavy, exquisite jacquard type fabric with an all-over raised pattern or floral design. Common end-uses include such formal applications as upholstery, draperies, and
One that acts as an agent for others, as in negotiating contracts, purchases, or trade sales in return for a fee or commission.
A finishing process for knit or woven fabrics in which brushes or other abrading devices are used on a loosely constructed fabric to permit the fibers in the yarns to be raised to create a nap on fabrics or create a novelty surface texture.
Ply yarn scrim fabric with a stiff finish for use as apparel interlining or interfacing. Also used in millinery because it can be easily shaped by moistening.
A technique of altering yarns to make them fluff, curl or crimp up to give them a bulked appearance.
Can be either a cotton or wool fabric, woven in a plain open
Coarse, canvas-like fabric usually made of jute, but can be made of hemp or cotton. Sometimes called gunny. Used primarily for bale coverings, sacks and bags. Also used in furniture, drapery, wall coverings, and clothing.
out - A brocade-like pattern effect created on the fabric through the application of a chemical, instead of color, during the burn-out printing process. (Sulfuric acid, mixed into a colorless print paste, is the most common chemical used.) Many simulated eyelet effects can be created using this method. In these instances, the chemical destroys the fiber and creates a hole in the fabric in a specific design, where the chemical comes in contact with the fabric. The fabric is then over-printed with a simulated embroidery stitch to create the eyelet effect. However, burn-out effects can also be created on velvets made of blended fibers, in which the ground fabric is of one fiber like a polyester, and the pile may be of a cellulosic fiber like rayon or acetate. In this case, when the chemical is printed in a certain pattern, it destroys the pile in those areas where the chemical comes in contact with the fabric, but leave the ground fabric unharmed.
Coarse homespun linen once used for aprons for French butchers. Often imitated today in many man-made fiber fabrics that simulate real linen.
Specified by design, size, color, and type---such as brass, melamine, or pearl, buttons are either shanked (attached by passing threads through the shank's eye) or holed (attached by passing threads through the button's holes).
An agent who purchases goods in his or her own country on behalf of foreign importers such as government agencies and large private concerns.
Directs the US government to distribute the collected anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties to the US companies that brought the cases in the first place. Offset payments are made to cover certain expenses (such as investment in manufacturing facilities and acquisition of technology) incurred after the imposition of the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures for the production of the product subject to the measures. (Also known as the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 28 October 2000).
A cord, rope, or twine construction in which each successive twist is in the opposite direction to the preceding twist. This type of twist is defined as S-Z-S or Z-S-Z.
Established in 1986 in Cairns, Australia. The group’s ministers formed the alliance to ensure that agricultural trade issues would be given a high priority in the Multilateral Trade Negotiations.
A process of passing cloths between one or more rollers (or calenders), usually under carefully controlled heat and pressure, to produce a variety of surface effects or textures in a fabric such as high luster, glazing, embossing, and moiré.
One of the oldest basic cotton fabrics on the market that traces its origin to Calcutta, India. Usually a plain, closely woven inexpensive cloth made in solid colors on a white or contrasting background. Often one, two, or three colors are seen on the face of the goods which are usually discharge or resist printed, frequently in a small floral pattern. Used mainly for aprons, dresses, crazy quilts, sportswear. Often interchangeable with percale - which is 80-square cotton.
A rugged 63 degree twill weave usually made from wool or wool blend yarns, and characterized by a pronounced raised cord. Also called elastique weave.
Soft, white, closely woven cotton fabric calendered to achieve a high glaze. Used mainly for pocket linings, underwear, aprons, shirts, and handkerchiefs. Originally made in Cambrai, France, of linen and used for church embroidery and table linen.
Wool-like underhair of the Bactrian camel, a two-humped pack-carrying species that is lustrous and extremely soft. Because it is expensive, often used in blends with wool for coats, suits, sweaters, blankets, and oriental rugs. Natural colors range from light tan to brownish black. Classified as wool under the Wool Products Labeling Act.
Unbleached muslin bed sheeting, sometimes called Kraft muslin, used as a base fabric on which a chenille effect is formed by application of candlewick (heavy-plied yarns) loops which are then cut to give the fuzzy effect and cut-yarn appearance of the true chenille yarn.
Heavy, warm cotton material that is strong and absorbent, with a twilled surface and long soft nap on the back. Named for Canton, China, where it was first produced. Used mainly for interlinings, and sleeping garments where warmth is so desirable.
Cotton, linen, or synthetic fabric made with a basic plain weave in heavy and firm weight yarns for industrial or heavy duty purposes. Also referred to as "duck", although the term "canvas" usually relates to the heavier, coarser constructions.
A system through which a central body sets a cap on the amount of a pollutant that can be emitted. Abiding companies or nations therefore have allowances (credits) representing the right to emit a certain amount up to the predetermined cap. If a company exceeds their allowance, they must purchase credits from companies emitting less; this is referred to as a trade. See also Emissions Trading.
A process by which liquids are drawn through the fabric and into pores found between fibers and yarns.
The process of capturing and storing carbon emissions so they
A carbon credit is a tradeable certificate or permit that enables
It is a method by which countries can meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions and reduce global warming; specifically for the emission of carbon dioxide, which currently makes up the bulk of emissions trading.
It is a method by which countries can meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions and reduce global warming; specifically for the emission of carbon dioxide, which currently makes up the bulk of emissions trading.
A measure of the impact that human activities have on the environment in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases produced, measured in units of carbon dioxide.
Carbon Intensity refers to the volume of carbon emissions per
A product or process that does not add more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, over its life cycle.
Carbon neutrality refers to the mitigation of greenhouse gases.
Carbon offsetting refers to purchasing carbon credits and
A carbon tax is a tax levied in the burning of fossil fuels,
The buying and selling of carbon credits.
1. A form of rib knitting stitch modified for tucking on one or both sets of needles. 2. A sweater style usually referring to a three-button coat sweater with either a "V" or a round neck.
A process of opening and cleaning textile fibers - usually cotton - which separates fibers from each other, lays them parallel, forms them into a thin web, and then condenses them into a single continuous untwisted strand or bundle of fibers called a "sliver".
A customs document permitting the holder to carry or send merchandise temporarily into certain foreign countries (for display, demonstration, or similar purposes) without paying duties or posting bonds.
A luxury fiber obtained from the soft fleecy undergrowth of the Kashmir goat of Tibet, Mongolia, China, Iran, Iraq, and India. Most commonly used in sweaters, shawls, suits, coats, and dresses.
An extract of any of several species of Acacia (a type of shrubs and trees) produced by boiling the wood in water and evaporating the resulting brew. It occurs in a deep brown to black color. See also Natural dyes.
A white naturally occurring carbohydrate polymer found in organic woody substances of most vegetation. It is the basic raw material needed for production of rayon and acetate fibers. About 96 percent of cotton is cellulose. Man-made fibers based on petrochemical raw materials - such as nylon, polyester, acrylics, etc. - are called non-cellulosics.
Added Tax (CENVAT) - Introduced in 2003 to cover the entire textile supply chain, the tax brought the unorganized sector into the tax net.
A national network of investors, environmental organizations and other public interest groups that works with companies and investors to address sustainability challenges such as global climate change. Its mission is to integrate sustainability into capital markets for the health of the planet and its people.
A document certifying that merchandise, including perishable goods, was in good condition immediately prior to its shipment.
A statement (often notarized) in which a producer of goods certifies that manufacture has been completed and that the goods are now at the disposal of the buyer.
A document, required by certain foreign countries for tariff purposes, certifying the country of origin of specified goods.
One of the softest fabrics made. Named from the American Indian term "shalee", meaning soft. A lightweight, soft plain weave fabric with a slightly brushed surface. The fabric is often printed, usually in a floral pattern. Challis is most often seen in fabrics made of cotton, wool, or rayon.
Popular variety of cotton fabric in relatively square count 80 by 76 that combines colored warp and white filling yarns in plain weave. Name derived from Cambrai, France, where it was first made.
Bobbin lace with fine six-sided mesh grounds with pattern outlined in heavy thread.
A written contract, usually on special form, between the owner of a vessel and a “charterer” who rents use of the vessel or a part of its freight space. The contract generally includes the freight rates and the ports involved in the transportation.
Plain woven, soft, fragile, low-count cotton fabric similar to tobacco cloth and also known as gauze.
The strength of a fabric or material to protect against
1. A specialty yarn, characterized by a pile protruding on all sides, resembling a caterpillar. The yarn is produced by first weaving a fabric with a cotton or linen warp and a silk, wool, rayon, or cotton filling. The warp yarns are taped in groups of tightly woven filling yarns, which have been beaten in very closely. After weaving, the fabric is cut into strips between the yarn groups. Each cutting produces a continuous chenille yarn, which is then twisted, creating the chenille yarn, and giving the pile appearance on all sides of the yarn. The chenille yarn is used mainly for decorative fabrics, embroidery, tassels, and rugs. 2. A fabric woven from the chenille yarn.
Term applies to herringbone weaves or prints in zigzag stripes.
A plain woven lightweight, extremely sheer, airy, and soft silk fabric, containing highly twisted filament yarns. The term "chiffon" implies thinness, diaphanous, or gauze-like structure and softness. Originally made of silk, but today may be found in a wide variety of other manufactured fibers. The fabric, used mainly in evening dresses and scarves.
A heavy conventional twill-weave coating with a spongy napped surface that is rolled into little tufts or nubs to resenble chinchilla fur. Usually made from wool or wool/cotton blends in coating weights.
Classic all-cotton "Army twill" fabric made of combed two-ply yarns. Usually vat dyed, mercerized, and given a compressive shrinkage finish. Used traditionally for army uniforms, chino is now finding popularity sportswear and work clothes.
Glazed plain weave cotton fabric with a tioghtly spun fine warp and a coarser slack twist filling, often printed with brightly colored flowers or stripes. Named from Hindu word meaning spotted. Several types of glazes are used in the finishing process. Some glazes wash out in laundering, but others such as resin finishes are permanent. Unglazed chintz is called cretonne. Chintz end-uses include draperies, slipcovers, skirts, and summer dresses, and shirts.
Wool in the fiber, yarn, or fabric form which are treated chemically to decrease felting shrinkage and increase ability to take dyes.
This special fabric helps to kill bacteria and stops the growth
Some resin treatments or finishes given cotton, rayon, nylon, or blended fabrics, may cause goods to retain varying amounts of chlorine when laundered or bleached with chlorine.
The principal ore of mercury and is essential to many scientific instruments such as blood pressure manometers, thermometers, and weather instrumentation. The color ranges from a bright scarlet or cinnamon red to brick red. See also Mineral dyes.
The circular economy is a framework of production and
Weft knit fabric made on a circular needle-bed knitting machine, which produces fabric in tubular form. Common types include single or double knits. Seamless hosiery are also made on a circular knitting machine. Although allowances are made on the machine for knitting the welt and foot. See Knitting (Circular).
Circularity is a product created with its own end-of-life taken
The Greatest Show on Earth
A receipt for goods issued by a carrier that indicated that the goods were received in “apparent good order and condition,” without damages or other irregularities. Compare Foul bill of lading.
A flexible mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol that allows industrialized nations with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment to invest in projects to reduce emissions in developing countries as an alternative to more expensive emission reductions in their own countries.
A draft to which no documents have been attached.
Also referred to as green tech, clean technology, and services
Hand operation in which the basting threads are removed from the garment; usually done prior to the final pressing.
Climate change is a long-term change in global or regional
Climate disclosures are a pivotal step in reaching net zero
The Climate Neutral Now initiative was launched by the United
Technology and services, like carbon capture and solar power,
A unit of thermal resistance. The insulation required to produce the necessary heat to keep an individual comfortable at 21 degrees Centigrade with air movement at .1 m/s. One clo is about equal to the insulation value of typical indoor clothing.
Closed Loop refers to a zero-waste system where all material
Items used to close openings in apparel and other consumer textile products, i.e. buttons, buckles, hook and eye, snaps and zippers.
The distance that clothing and its various components travel from the field, to the factory, to the consumers’ wardrobe. As most clothing and components are manufactured overseas, transportation over such large distances produces considerable carbon emissions.
Fabrics that have been coated with a lacquer, varnish, rubber, plastic resin of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, or other substance to make them longer lasting or impervious to water or other liquids.
This refers to both the insect of the same name and the crimson (red) dye derived from it. The insects are harvested for dye in a number of ways, each producing a different color.
Fiber created from patented technologies where recycled
A coarse fiber extracted from the fibrous outer shell of a coconut. Brown coir is harvested from fully ripened coconuts. It is thick, strong and has high abrasion resistance; it is typically used in floor mats and doormats, brushes, mattresses, floor tiles and sacking. White coir fibers are harvested from the coconuts before they are ripe. These fibers are white or light brown in color and are smoother and finer, but also weaker. They are generally spun to make yarn that is used in mats or rope. See also "Natural vegetable fibers".
Two or more thicknesses of fabric attached to the neckhole opening to provide a firm and neat-appearing finish.
All documents (commercial invoices, bill of lading, etc.) submitted to a buyer for the purpose of receiving payment for a shipment.
Color changes in localized areas of a garment due to differential wear, such as the knees of blue jeans. Often evident in cross-dye shades of blends where durable press treatments are applied. Color abrasion is often called "frosting".
The process of color removal and abrasion with enzymes seen as a more environmentally acceptable alternative to bleaching and stonewashing. Introduced into the market in the 1980s, recent advances in this technology have increased the number of shades achievable via enzyme treatment. There is no risk of over-bleaching with only a minimal level of fiber strength loss.
The ability of a fabric to maintain its color and resist fading when exposed to water/washing, sun, light, atmosphere, or other environmental conditions.
Combed cotton is an extremely soft version of cotton made by using a production process whereby the cotton fibers undergo a specialty treating before they are spun into yarn. Combed cotton is softer and stronger than conventional cotton because the shorter, breakable fibers are removed during the combing process. In addition, the straightened fibers lie closer together after combing, making the combed cotton fabric less likely to fray and unravel. Products containing combed cotton, are usually identified, because the process removes volume and adds an extra production step. As a result, combed cotton products are also slightly more expensive than conventional cotton products.
The combing process is an additional step beyond carding. In this process the fibers are arranged in a highly parallel form, and additional short fibers are removed, producing high quality yarns with excellent strength, fineness, and uniformity.
The term given to the freedom of movement experienced in the wearing of a garment that contains spandex, or has stretch engineered into a yarn through mechanical stretch construction.
An itemized list of goods shipped, usually included among an exporter’s collection papers.
"Recorded voluntary standards of the trade." The U.S. Bureau of Standards issues Commercial Standards which are not laws, but are important as accepted voluntary benchmarks of performance and quality by the industry. These standards are usually referred to by number, and spell out test procedures and minimum performance guidelines.
When a manufacturer or refiner purchases property for resale, prior to or during the manufacturing of goods, and physically commingles this purchased property with other property not purchased.
An agent who purchases goods in his or her own country on behalf of foreign importers such as government agencies and large private concerns.
An individual, partnership, or corporation that transports persons or goods for compensation.
An engineered fabric made from two or more cut fiber
A high tenacity stretch fabric which, when in a close fitting garment, provides muscles with a firm compression fit that lessons vibrations, reduces fatigue, and keeps muscles energized. The fabric is usually made in a knit construction, using a series of gradient fibers with an open knit inner surface to create a moisture transfer environment.
The name given to the expansive stretch that is created by the spandex fibers used in the development of a compression fabric.
Embedded with conductive threads, these fabrics can transmit
A letter of credit, issued by a foreign bank, the validity of which has been confirmed by a U.S. bank. An exporter whose payment terms are a confirmed letter of credit is assured of payment by the U.S. bank even if the foreign buyer or the foreign bank defaults. See Letter of Credit.
Delivery of merchandise from an exporter (the consignor) to an agent (the consignee) under agreement that the agents sell the merchandise for the account of the exporter. The consignor retains title to the goods until the consignee has sold them. The consignee sells the goods for commission and remits the net proceeds to the consignor.
A formal statement, made to the consul of a foreign country, describing goods to be shipped.
A document, required by some foreign countries, describing a shipment of goods and showing information such as the consignor, consignee, and value of the shipment. Certified by a consular official of the foreign country, it is used by the country’s customs officials to verify quantity, and the nature of the shipment.
A method of curing durable press garments which uses a moving conveyor system to carry garments into and out of the curing oven. Also known as continuous oven.
A long continuous, unbroken strand of fiber extruded from a spinneret in the form of a monofilament. Most manufactured fibers such as nylon, polyester, rayon, and acetate are made in continuous filament form.
A person or a company which buys grey goods and sells them as finished fabrics. A converter organizes and manages the process of finishing the fabric to a buyers' specifications, particularly the bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc.
A currency that can be bought and sold for other currencies at will.
Unlike traditional moisture-wicking fabrics, a specialty fabric
The legal right granted to a distributor, manufacturer, or creator to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute, display, sell, lend, or rent their creation.
A fabric, usually made of cotton, utilizing a cut-pile weave construction. Extra sets of filling yarns are woven into the fabric to form ridges of yarn on the surface. The ridges are built so that clear lines can be seen when the pile is cut
Spun Yarns - Consist of a filament base yarn, with an exterior wrapping of loose fiber which has not been twisted into a yarn. Polyester filament is often wrapped with a cotton outer layer in order to provide the strength and resiliency of polyester, along with the moisture-absorbent aesthetics and dye affinity of cotton. Sewing thread as well as household and apparel fabrics are made from these yarns.
A yarn in which one type of fiber is twisted or wrapped around another fiber that serves as a core. Core yarns are often used to make stretch fabrics where the core is spandex or rubber, and the outer wrapped fiber is a textured manufactured fiber such as polyester or nylon.
A biodegradable synthetic fiber produced with the lactic acid obtained through cornstarch fermentation. It is an entirely new type of synthetic fiber derived from plants instead of petroleum. See also "Ingeo®" and "Sorona®".
A bank that, in its own country, handles the business of a foreign bank.
A unicellular, natural fiber that grows in the seed pod of the cotton plant. Fibers are typically 1/2 inch to 2 inches long. The longest staple fibers, longer than 1 1/2 inch, including the Pima and Egyptian varieties, produce the highest quality cotton fabrics.
The Council for Trade in Goods (also called
The number of ends and picks per inch in a woven fabric. If a cloth is 64 X 60, it means there are 64 ends and 60 picks per inch in a woven fabric. A cloth that has the same number of ends and picks per inch in woven goods is called a square cloth. 80-square percale, for example, has 80 ends and 80 picks per inch. Pick count is the term that is synonymous with texture or number of filling picks per inch.
Trade - The sale of goods or services that are paid for in whole or in part by the transfer of goods or services from a foreign country. See Barter.
Additional measures imposed by the importing country to offset government subsidies in the exporting country, when the subsidized imports cause material injury to domestic industry in the importing country.
The rows of loops or stitches running across a knitted fabric. Corresponds to the weft or filling in woven goods.
A treatment used to set the cloth and yarn twists permanently in woolens and worsted goods.
The development and production of products with the aim that
Awareness and responsibility for a product/asset from its
Also referred to as CRF. Finishes used on fabrics that make them resistant to wrinkling and creasing, such as synthetic resin type finishes like durable press. Today some fabrics are made highly resistant to wrinkling through fiber blending and construction.
The ability of a cloth to hold or pleat or a crease, which has been intentionally created, through the use of a heat treatment. Heat setting of thermoplastic fibers causes creases to be permanently set.
Insurance designed to cover risks of non-payment for delivered goods.
A variety of lightweight fabrics characterized by a crinkly surface, obtained either via use of hard twist yarns, chemical treatments, weave, construction, or some form of embossing or surface treatment. Crepes are available today in an unlimited variety of fibers and blends, and in may different constructions.
A lightweight, plain weave, stiffened fabric with a low yarn count (few yarns to the inch in each direction). Used as a foundation to support the edge of a hem or puffed sleeve.
A fabric, trimming, or lace made by interlocking successive loops or stitches with a hook or needle.
The rubbing-off of dye from a fabric. Crocking can be the result of lack of penetration of the dyeing agent, the use of incorrect dyes or dyeing procedures, or the lack of proper washing procedures and finishing treatments after the dyeing process.
The short seam from the back of the pants fly to the inseam.
Free - Cruelty-Free means that a product and its ingredients were
A process of producing a type of regenerated rayon fiber. In this process, the wood pulp or cotton liners are dissolved in an ammoniac copper oxide solution. Bemberg rayon is a type of Cuprammonium rayon.
A baking process with the use of resin finishes, applying heat under carefully controlled conditions to a fabric or the garment, which cause a reaction in the finishing agents and make them work. Crease-retention, water repellency, wrinkle resistance, and durable press are examples of finishes that are cured.
An individual or firm licensed to enter and clear goods through customs.
The authorities designated to collect duties levied by a country on imports and exports. The term also applies to the procedures involved in such collection.
A bond that guarantees the payment of import duties and taxes and also guarantees compliance with regulations governing the import of merchandise into the United States.
on-cross - Fabric that is cut so that the warp runs horizontally across the garment piece.
A glossy jacquard fabric, usually made from linen, cotton, rayon, silk, or blends. The patterns are flat and reversible. The fabric is often used in napkins, tablecloths, draperies, and upholstery.
A draft that matures in a specified number of days after the date issued, without regard to the date of acceptance. See draft, Sight draft, and time draft.
A type of letter of credit providing for payment some time after presentation of shipping documents by exporter.
The deliberate clearing of forested land. Deforestation has
A draft that is payable upon presentation to the drawee.
(i). In international transportation, a charge for the failure to remove cargo from a terminal within the allowed free time. Also, a charge for failure to load or unload a ship within the allowed period. (ii). In U.S. domestic transportation, a penalty charge against users for use of carriers' equipment beyond the allowed free time.
A system of measuring the weight of a continuous filament fiber. In the United States, this measurement is used to number all manufactured fibers (both filament and staple), and silk, but excluding glass fiber. The lower the number, the finer the fiber; the higher the number, the heavier the fiber. Numerically, a denier is the equivalent to the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of continuous filament fiber.
The size of an individual filament, or an individual staple fiber if it were continuous, The dpf is determined by dividing the yarn denier per filament by the number of filaments in the yarn.
A firm 2X1 or 3X1 twill weave fabric often having a whitish tinge obtained by using white filling yarns with colored warp yarns. Heavier weight denims, usually blue, are used for dungarees, work clothes, and men's and women's sportswear. Lighter weight denims have a softer finish and come in a variety of colors and patterns for sportswear.
Various statements that the U.S. government requires to be displayed on export shipments and that specify the destinations for which export of the shipment has been authorized.
The official lowering of the value of one country’s currency in terms of one or more foreign currencies.
Letter of Credit - When documents presented do not conform to the Letter of Credit.
An amount paid by a vessel’s operator to a charterer if loading or unloading is completed in less time than stipulated in the charter party.
Also known as distributed energy, on-site generation, or
A foreign agent who sells for a suppler directly and maintains an inventory of the supplier’s products.
A decorative weave, characterized by small figures, usually geometric, that are woven into the fabric structure. Dobbies may be of any weight or compactness, with yarns ranging from very fine to coarse and fluffy. Standard dobby fabrics are usually flat and relatively fine or sheer. However, some heavyweight dobby fabrics are available for home furnishings and for heavy apparel
A receipt issued by an ocean carrier to acknowledge receipt of a shipment at the carrier’s dock or warehouse facilities. Also see Warehouse receipt.
A draft to which documents are attached.
Generally used to describe a type of fabric finish in which a low nap is brushed in one direction to create a soft suede-like feel on the fabric surface. End-uses include billiard table surfaces and men's' sportswear.
This agency within the WTO aims to reduce or eliminate tariff barriers and to improve developing countries’ market access.
A medium to heavy, plain or twill weave fabric in which colorful yarn slubs are woven into the fabric. The name originally applied to a hand-woven woolen tweed fabric made in Donegal, Ireland. End-uses include winter coats and suits.
A lightweight, sheer cotton or cotton blend fabric with a small dot flock-like pattern either printed on the surface of the fabric, or woven into the fabric. End-uses for this fabric include blouses, dresses, baby clothes, and curtains.
A fabric construction, in which two fabrics are woven on the loom at the same time, one on top of the other. In the weaving process, the two layers of woven fabric are held together using binder threads. The woven patterns in each layer of fabric can be similar or completely different
A fabric knitted on a circular knitting machine using interlocking loops and a double stitch on a double needle frame to form a fabric with double thickness. It is the same on both sides. Today, most double knits are made of I5O denier polyester, although many lightweight versions are now being made using finer denier yarns and blends of filament and spun yarns.
A woven fabric construction made by interlacing two or more sets of warp yarns with two or more sets of filling yarns. The most common double weave fabrics are made using a total of either four or five sets of yarns.
The soft, fluffy fiber or underfeathers of ducks, geese, or other water fowl. Used primarily for insulation in outerwear garments.
The ability of a fabric to hang softly into loose flexible folds.
An article manufactured or produced in the United States with the use of imported components or raw materials. It is a refund of US Customs duties, paid on imported merchandise, which is subsequently exported or used in the production of products that are then exported.
The individual or firm on whom a draft in drawn and who owes the stated amount. Also see Draft.
The individual or firm that issues or signs a draft and thus stands to receive payment of the stated amount from the drawee. Also see Draft.
The charge made for hauling freight via carts, drays or trucks.
A cleansing method or process applied to garments in which organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, or certain hydrocarbon compounds are used to remove dirt, soil, and most spots and stains. Unaffected stains have to be removed by other special agents.
The name duck covers a wide range of fabrics. A tightly woven, heavy, plain-weave, bottom-weight fabric with a hard, durable finish. The fabric is usually made of cotton, and is widely used in men's and women's slacks, and children's play clothes. The most important fabrics in this group are known as number duck, army duck, and flat or ounce duck.
Selling merchandise in another country at a price below the costs incurred in production and shipment.
The ability of a fabric to resist wear through continual use.
More or less interchangeable with the term permanent press, but actually more precise. Durable press implies that the shape retention properties of a garment are excellent and durable for the life of the garment.
A tax imposed on imports by the customs authority of a country. Duties are generally based on the value of the goods (ad valorem duties), some other factor such as weight or quantity (specific duties), or a combination of value and other factors (compound duties).
Founded in 1991 in New York City, Earth Pledge Foundation collaborates with government, businesses, and communities to advance the adoption of sustainable practices. FutureFashion, one of several company initiatives, serves to demonstrate that fashion can be sustainable. They are currently working with industry and the public to promote the use of renewable, reusable, and non-polluting materials and methods.
Of or relating to habitat or household, mostly used as a prefix related to ecology. Eco comes from the ancient Greek word "oikos" (house). e.g. eco-label, eco-friendly, eco-shopping. Within the textile industry, "eco" refers to fibers/fabrics that are sustainable or friendly to the environment.
The front margin of the garment that extends from front corner to front corner.
A tape sewn along the front edge of a coat from top of the lapel to bottom of the facing. On less expensive coats, this tape starts at the bottom of the lapel (called the breakline). The tape is usually sewn with an edge-knife machine.
The ability of a fiber or fabric to return to its original length, shape, or size immediately after the removal of stress.
A calendering process in which fabrics are engraved with the use of heated rollers under pressure to produce a raised design on the fabric surface.
An embellishment of a fabric or garment in which colored threads are sewn on to the fabric to create a design. Embroidery may be done either by hand or machine.
The particles, substances, or radiation released into the
A proposed administrative approach designed to reduce pollution by providing economic incentives for reductions in the emission of pollutants. A government or international body will set a limit on amount of a pollutant that can be emitted. Companies or nations are issued emission permits which dictate a specified allowance for the amount of pollutants they are allowed to emit. Upon exceeding their allowance, companies may purchase credits from companies that pollute less, thereby rewarding those with excess allowances. See also "Cap and Trade".
A process in which the fibers of a fabric are coated with a filmy substance to create certain high performance qualities, such as breathability.
And-End - Broadcloth, chambray, madras, or other fabric having alternating warp yarns, usually one in a color and one in white.
End of life describes the final stage of a product’s useful life
based Materials - These fabrics are produced by a modified or engineered
An EMS is a set of processes and practices that allow
Proteins that act as a catalyst and control the various steps in all chemical reactions.
This apparel construction technology is aimed at maximizing comfort and ease of movement. The key feature of this seaming technology is that the seams are constructed ergonomically. Therefore, the seams flow according to the body's natural movements, regardless of the type of activity engaged in by the wearer. The seams are placed away from potential pressure points, in order to maximize comfort and movement.
The study of improving a garment design by enhancing the wearers' comfort, performance, or health.
(See also Environmental, Social and Governance
Involves purchasing products and/or services that are made ethically. This typically means that there is minimal harm to or exploitation of humans, animals, and the natural environment. It is practiced through positive buying, when ethical products are favored over those that are not. This type of consumerism has led to a rise in green brands, which has increased interest in ethic-based decisions in the mass market, including more understanding and information about business practices.
Committee of the Cotton and Allied Textile Industries of the European Communities.
U.S. dollars placed on deposit in banks outside the United States; usually refers to deposits in Europe.
The European Union’s (EU) Green Deal presented in 2019 is a
A government permit sometimes required by the importer’s government to enable the import firm to convert its own country’s currency into foreign currency with which to pay a seller in another country.
The price of one currency in terms of another, that is, the number of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another currency.
The Export-Import Bank of the United States is the official export credit agency of the United States. Eximbank's mission is to assist in financing the export of U.S. goods and services to international markets.
Requirements that must be satisfied before the shipment leaves the United States. Examples are pre-shipment inspections, some visa requirements, and requirements by some Arab nations that certificates of origin must be certified by an Arab diplomatic mission or chamber of commerce in the United States.
An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee, but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
An organization which, for a commission, acts as a purchasing agent for a foreign buyer.
A form required for all shipments by the U.S. treasury Department and prepared by a shipper, indicating the value, weight, destination, and other basic information about an export shipment.
A government document that permits the licensee to export department goods to certain destinations. See General Export License and Individually Validated Export License.
A firm similar or identical to an export management company.
Territorial Income Exclusion Act (ETI) - Rules requiring a certain proportion of US-manufactured content and a certain proportion of foreign costs. Foreign tax credits on the goods concerned are not available to a participating entity. Actual manufacture may take place inside or outside the US.
A type of fabric which contains patterned cut-outs, around which stitching or embroidery may be applied in order to prevent the fabric from raveling. Often worked around with a buttonhole stitch.
Fabrics which have surface treatments that provide a variety of looks and effects on the fabric surface. These include brushing, sanding, sueding, etc. The warp knit industry is specially innovative with face finishing techniques. The term also applies to more traditional fabrics such as meltons, jerseys, and overcoatings that have been finished only on the face.
A piece of fabric that is sewn to the collar, front opening, cuffs, or arms eye of a garment to create a finished look.
A glossy, soft, finely-ribbed silk-like woven fabric made from cotton, silk, or manufactured fibers
An organized social movement and market-based approach
Cotton produced by suppliers who are guaranteed a fair price for their organically produced goods, and whose production process meets stringent, internationally established labor standards.
Trendy fashionable clothing that is designed and
To join two pieces of material with the edges folded together using double needle stitching.
From the Anglo-Saxon word meaning to filt or filter, the cloth is a matted, compact woolen material, of which melton might be cited as an example. A non-woven fabric made from wool, hair, or fur, and sometimes in combination with certain manufactured fibers, where the fibers are locked together in a process utilizing heat, moisture, and pressure to form a compact material.
The basic entity, either natural or manufactured, which is twisted into yarns, and then used in the production of a fabric.
Specially engineered manufactured fibers, which are used as filler material in pillows, mattresses, mattress pads, sleeping bags, comforters, quilts, and outerwear
A manufactured fiber of indefinite length (continuous), extruded from the spinneret during the fiber production process.
Filament processed by special machinery to create bulk,
In a woven fabric, the yarn running from selvage to selvage at right angles to the warp. Each crosswise length is called a pick. In the weaving process, the filling yarn is carried by the shuttle or other type of yarn carrier.
Any extra items attached to a garment during the manufacturing process. This can include trims, buttons, hooks, snaps, or embellishments.
A fabric that has gone through all the necessary finishing processes, and is ready to be used in the manufacturing of garments. These processes include bleaching, dyeing, printing, heat setting, etc.
All processes through which a fabric passes after manufacturing in preparation for the market. These include bleaching, dyeing, printing, heat setting, etc.
Fabrics treated with special chemical agents or finishes to make them retardant or resistant to burning. Today many fabrics achieve this property by using fibers that have this property built directly into the polymer. As a rule, fire retardant fabrics should be extremely durable through many washings and dry cleanings.
Fabrics treated with special chemical agents or finishes to make them resistant to burning. Today many fabrics achieve this property by using fibers that have this property built directly into the polymer. A fabric is considered flame resistant if it passes federal specifications for specific end-uses.
A chemical applied to a fabric, or incorporated into the fiber at the time of production, which significantly reduces a fabric's flammability.
A medium-weight, plain or twill weave fabric that is typically made from cotton, a cotton blend, or wool. The fabric has a very soft hand, brushed on both sides to lift the fiber ends out of the base fabric and create a soft, fuzzy surface. End-uses include shirts and pajamas.
A medium-weight, plain weave fabric with a soft hand, usually made from cotton. The fabric is usually brushed only on one side, and is lighter weight than flannel. End-uses include shirts and pajamas.
The plant from which cellulosic linen fiber is obtained. Linen is used in apparel, accessories, draperies, upholstery, tablecloths, and towels.
The wool shorn from any sheep, or from any animal in the wool category.
A lightweight fabric with a thick, heavy fleece-like surface. It
A marine insurance policy that applies to all shipments made by an exporter over a period of time rather than to one shipment only.
A type of raised decoration applied to the surface of a fabric in which an adhesive is printed on the fabric in a specific pattern, and then finely chopped fibers are applied by means of dusting, air-brushing, or electrostatic charges. The fibers adhere only to the areas where the adhesive has been applied, and the excess fibers are removed by mechanical means.
free (FC-free) - A textile technology or finish in which the fabric has free
A fabric which has been laminated to a polyurethane foam backing.
The title of a standard clause in marine contracts exempting the parties for non-fulfillment of their obligations as a result of conditions beyond their control, such as earthquakes, floods, or war.
Trade Zones Board (FTZB) - A foreign-trade zone is a designated site licensed by the Foreign-Trade Zones (FTZ) Board at which special customs procedures may be used. These procedures allow domestic activity involving foreign items to take place prior to formal customs entry. Duty-free treatment is then accorded items that are re-exported and duty payment is deferred on items sold in the U.S. market. This offsets customs advantages available to overseas producers who compete with producers located in the United States. FTZ sites and facilities are within the jurisdiction of local, state or federal governments or agencies.
The currency or credit instruments of a foreign country, and transactions involving purchase or sale of currencies.
An independent business that handles export shipments for compensation. A freight forwarder is among the best sources of information and assistance on U.S. export regulations and documentation, shipping methods, and foreign import regulations.
An individual or firm that serves as the foreign representative of a domestic supplier and seeks sales abroad for the supplier.
The predecessor of the Foreign Sales Corporation is now referred to as (DISC) Domestic International Sales Corporation. DISC took on a new definition as a result of the 1984 Tax Reform Act, and can now provide a tax deferral on up to $10 million of exports so long as the funds remain in export-related investments.
Fossil fuel is a generic term that is used for non-renewable
A receipt for goods issued by a carrier with an indication that the goods were damaged when received.
A lightweight twill-weave fabric, made from filament yarns like silk, acetate, polyester, with a small all-over print pattern on a solid background. The fabric is often used in men's ties.
way Stretch - A fabric that stretches both on the crosswise and lengthwise grains of the fabric. It is the same as two-way stretch.
Trade Zone - A port designated by the government of a country for duty-free entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandise may be stored, displayed, used for manufacturing, etc., within the zone and re-exported without duties being paid. Duties are imposed on the merchandise (or items manufactured from the merchandise) only when the goods pass from the zone into an area of the country subject to the customs authority.
An area such as a port city, into which merchandise may legally be moved without payment of duties.
An independent business that handles export shipments for compensation. A freight forwarder is among the best sources of information and assistance on U.S. export regulations and documentation, shipping methods, and foreign import regulations.
A warehouse where a product is warehoused, inventoried, packed, and shipped by a company in fulfillment outsourcing.
Refers to a type of tree common in either India and Africa, or
An initiative of Earth Pledge, FutureFashion helps the fashion and home furnishing industries make the transition to sustainable materials. The initiative provides guidance to designers, manufacturers and distributors to help them transition to sustainable materials and methods.
A tightly woven, twilled, worsted fabric with a slight diagonal line on the right side. Wool gabardine is known as a year-round fabric for business suiting. Polyester, cotton, rayon, and various blends are also used in making gabardine.
A measurement most commonly associated with knitting equipment. It can mean the number of needles per inch in a knitting machine. However, in full fashioned hosiery and sweater machines, the number of needles per 1-1/2 inches represents the gauge.
A thin, sheer plain-weave fabric made from cotton, wool, silk, rayon, or other manufactured fibers. End-uses include curtains, apparel, trimmings, and surgical dressings.
Any of various export licenses covering export commodities for which (IVEL) Individually Validated Export Licenses are not required. No formal application or written authorization is needed to ship exports under a general export license.
Engineering - Also referred to as negative emission technologies, geo-
A sheer lightweight fabric, often made of silk or from such manufactured fibers as polyester, with a crepe surface, in which yarns are twisted both ways in the weave. End-uses include dresses and blouses.
Manufactured fiber materials made into a variety of fabric constructions, and used in a variety civil engineering applications.
Energy that is generated by heat stored in the earth, or the collection of absorbed heat derived from within the earth, in the atmosphere, and from the oceans. Currently, the U.S. produces the greatest amount of geothermal energy in the world. As a renewable energy source, it is extremely price competitive and reduces the reliance on fossil fuels and their price unpredictability.
A medium weight, plain weave fabric with a dyed yarns in both warp and filling to achieve a plaid or check pattern. End-uses include dresses, shirts, and curtains.
An inorganic fiber which is very strong, but has poor flexibility and poor abrasion resistance. Glass will not burn and will not conduct electricity. It is impervious to insects, mildew, and sunlight. Today, the primary use of glass fiber is in such industrial applications as insulation or reinforcement of composite structures.
Conducted by the Reputation Institute, it is the largest study of corporate reputation in the world, annually measuring over 1,000 companies in 27 countries. It is intended to identify the companies with the “best corporate reputations”. In 2008, more than 200 U.S. companies were measured.
The break between the collar and the lapel.
Brands that consumers associate with environmental conservation and sustainable business practices. Typically when marketing a ‘green’ product, companies will use environmentally friendly, recycled and/or recyclable material, or reduce excess packaging.
Hydrogen is a universal, highly reactive fuel that can be used
Caused when greenhouse gases trap radiation released by the Earth’s surface, raising the temperature of the Earth’s lower atmosphere and surface. It is a natural process that regulates the temperature of the Earth. In the last 200 years, humans have released much higher quantities of greenhouse gases (both natural and man-made), which is trapping more heat in the atmosphere and cited as the main driver of global warming.
A Los Angeles service guide to green living. Their mission is to create a directory of eco-friendly retailers, services, and organizations. Not a paid directory, they have conducted extensive research on those listed in their guide. Companies cannot pay to be included and all those listed are included because they have meet Greenopia’s strict standards for eco-friendliness.
Greenwashing is the practice of making an unproven claim that
An unfinished fabric, just removed from a knitting machine or a loom, but have received no dry- or wet- finishing operations. Also called grey goods.
The full weight of a shipment, including goods and packaging. Compare Tare weight.
The way the fabric feels when it is touched. Terms like
A high-impact, abrasion-resistant outer fabric, which provides protection from the environment.
A yarn that is spun using pre-dyed fibers. These fibers are blended together to give a particular look. (For example, black and white may be blended together to create a grey heathered yarn.) The term, heather, may also be used to describe the fabric made from heathered yarns.
Combinations of colors, stock-dyed to provide a mottled or melange type of yarn in woolens such as homespun, tweed, cheviot, shetland, etc.
Also called expedition weight. Most often use din base layers. Thick and warm, it is usually brushed on the inside for warmth and wicking, and smooth on the outside to protect.
A course fiber made from the inner bark (bast fiber) of the hemp plant used primarily in twines and cordages, and most recently apparel. Grown naturally without pesticides, it is one of the strongest sustainable fibers and is excellent for moisture absorption, anti-bacterial properties and ventilation. Hemp is popular for macramé jewelry, cloth and diapers. Growing hemp in the United States is legal, but producers are required to obtain a special permit through the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.
density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD) - This thermoplastic polymer is produced from the monomer
A term given to a fiber structure that contains more air then fiber. It is a lofty, low-density material that is used in such applications as fiberfill, insulation, etc.
This is a fiber property that measures strength. The property
Fabrics that contain fluorescent materials in order to make the wearer visible in dim and dark lights. These fabrics have the ability to reflect on-coming lights, which cause them to glow in the dark.
Manufactured fiber made with a hollow center.
Manufactured, continuous filament fibers that have a center void, which has been created through the introduction of air or other gas in the polymer solution, or by melt spinning through specially designed spinnerets during production.
Popular woolen or worsted suiting fabric made from a 2-
The long and lustrous hair taken from the mane and tail of
A type of pressing machine especially designed for
A variation on the twill weave construction in which a broken
Having a strong affinity for water; attracting, dissolving in or absorbing water.
Fibers that absorb water easily, take longer to dry, and
Lacking the ability to absorb water. Denote a finish normally applied to create water-repellent products.
Fibers that lack the ability to absorb water. These fibers
Fabrics that are integrated with LED fibers or phosphorescent
The ability of a textile or polymer material to provide
A document required and issued by some national governments authorizing the importation of goods into their individual countries.
The importer is legally liable for payment of duties, taxes & fees and compliance with customs and other government agency regulations pertaining to their imports. This may be the party who is buying or receiving the imported goods, or an interested party in the transaction who has the right to take entry under the customs regulations.
A procedure in the U.S. under which goods are transported, stored, or handled, prior to clearance and release by customs; the government's interest is secured by indemnity bonds.
A dye with a distinctive blue color. The chemical compound
Requires a document issued by the U.S. Government authorizing the export of specific commodities. This license is for a specific transaction or time period in which the exporting is to take place.
Also referred to as vertical farming, this process requires less
Industrial Property includes inventions, patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs, and geographical indications.
An infused polymer construction process that reinforces the fabric of outerwear garments in the places where they take the most abuse: zipper and pocket flaps, and other high-abrasion areas. The technology blends polymers, penetrates deep into the inner fibers, and surrounds them to form a permanent bond. this tough, resilient matrix ensures a highly wear-resistant surface while allowing the fabric to remain lightweight and flexible. The infused polymer process eliminates the need for heavier-weight abrasion overlays, tapes anhd bindings, and adds increased strength to the most crucial points on the garment, which dramatically extends the life of the garment.
A bill of lading used in transporting goods overland to the exporter’s international carrier. Although a Through Bill of Lading can sometimes be used, it is usually necessary to prepare both an Inland Bill of Lading and an Ocean Bill of Lading for export shipments.
The distance from the bottom of a trouser leg to the crotch. The measurement is taken along the inside leg seam that joins the front and the back leg panels.
With respect to a fabric, a material that protects from the loss of warmth or the penetration of cold.
A document issued by the shipper under an open marine insurance policy for coverage of a particular shipment of merchandise.
Fabrics used to support, reinforce and give shape to fashion
1. An insulation, padding, or stiffening fabric, either sewn to
A special type of eight-lock knit cloth. The stitch variation of
An independent business that handles export shipments for compensation. A freight forwarder is among the best sources of information and assistance on U.S. export regulations and documentation, shipping methods, and foreign import regulations.
A letter of credit in which the specified payment is guaranteed by the bank if all terms and conditions are met by the drawee.
Woven fabrics manufactured by using the Jacquard
A weft double knit fabric in which a Jacquard type of mechanism is used. This device individually controls needles or small groups of needles, and allows very complex and highly patterned knits to be created.
The consistent interlooping of yarns in the jersey stitch to produces a fabric with a smooth, flat face, and a more textured, but uniform back. Jersey fabrics may be produced on either circular or flat weft knitting machines.
A basic stitch used in weft knitting, in which each loop formed in the knit is identical. The jersey stitch is also called the plain, felt, or stockinet stitch.
A flexibility mechanism set forth in the Kyoto Protocol that helps nations meet their greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. It allows industrialized nations to invest in emissions reduction projects in other industrialized nations as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically.
A coarse, brown fiber from the stalk of a bast plant. Chiefly
A short, lightweight, cotton-like, vegetable fiber found in the seed pods of the Bombocaceae tree. Because of its brittle quality, it is generally not spun. However, its buoyancy and moisture resistance makes it ideal for use in cushions, mattresses, and life jackets.
A plant native to south Asia that has similar properties to jute. The stems produce two types of fiber, a coarser fiber in the outer layer (bast fiber), and a finer fiber in the core. The main uses of kenaf fiber have been rope, twine, coarse cloth (similar to that made from jute), and paper. See also "Natural Vegetable Fibers".
de-knit - A type of yarn texturizing in which a crimped yarn is made by knitting the yarn into a fabric, and then heat-setting the fabric. The yarn is then unraveled from the fabric and used in this permanently crinkled form.
Fabrics made from only one set of yarns, all running in the
The art and science of constructing fabric by interlooping of
This Japanese herb used to make a Japanese paper fiber that is completely natural, highly renewable without the use of chemicals, and does not require chemicals to process. It is used in the production of Sasawashi fabric. See also "Sasawashi".
An international environmental treaty intended to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. It establishes legally binding commitments for the reduction of six greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons) produced by industrialized nations. Under the protocol, the nations have agreed to reduce their collective greenhouse gas emissions. There are “flexible mechanisms” that allow member economies to meet their emissions requirements, including Emissions Trading, the Clean Development Mechanism, and Joint Implementation. As of 2008, the United States has not yet ratified Kyoto Protocol stating that it is “fundamentally flawed” and “not the correct vehicle with which to produce real environmental solutions”. Since withdrawing from the protocol, the U.S. government has established separate environmental initiatives to address global climate change.
Once used as a natural dye, this is a resinous substance secreted by the lac insect onto the twigs and branches of certain trees (typically fig). The dye is similar to cochineal and is commonly used in southeast Asia as a skin cosmetic and dye for silk and wool.
The term comes from the old French, las, by way of Latin,
A term used to describe fabrics which have been joined
This is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world.
The part of a garment that is turned back in the front. The
A textile treatment using laser machines to achieve a detailing or all-over effect in finishing a fabric, typically denim. The frequency of the laser is set to erode the indigo surface and alter the color or burn through. Exclusively used in the upper end of the denim market, laser technology is considered a more environmentally acceptable process than traditional denim finishing methods.
The quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state, such as ice changing to water or water to steam, at constant temperature and pressure. When a solid material is heated and reaches its melting point, it goes from solid to liquid. During this process the material absorbs a certain amount of heat, Despite the heat input, the temperature of the material stays at a relatively constant level, even though phase change is taking place. We thus speak of latent (concealed) heat having been taken up by the material.
A light, fine cloth made using carded or combed, linen or cotton yarns. The fabric has a crease-resistant, crisp finish. Linen lawn is synonymous with handkerchief linen. Cotton lawn is a similar type of fabric, which can be white, solid colored, or printed.
hand twill - Any twill weave which runs from the left. The twill or
Having an airy weave. Used as a light weight base layer in apparel for aerobic activities and cool weather.
A business arrangement in which the manufacturer of a product (or a firm with proprietary rights over certain technology, trademarks, etc.) grants permission to some other group or individual to manufacture that product (or make use of that propriety material) in return for specified royalties or other payment.
A sedimentary rock composed mostly of the mineral calcite and comprising about 15% of the Earth's sedimentary crust; can occur in many colors but is usually white, gray, or black. See also "Mineral Dyes".
An economy in which raw materials are extracted, turned into a
A fabric made from linen fibers obtained from inside the
A fabric that is used to cover the inside of a garment to
High loft is thick and fluffy, low loft is thin and dense. The higher the loft, the better the insulation characteristic.
Logwood is the English name of both the dye and the tree from whose heartwood the dye comes. Preparation requires that the heartwood first be well cleaned of the surrounding sapwood and bark. Then it must be rasped or planed into shavings, which are "aged" through a mild fermentation process. The rich, dark wood is then dried and packaged to avoid deterioration by moisture. Typically, the dye colors can be violet, purple, silver, grey, or black.
Finished - Material sold in the same condition in which the goods came
Density Polyethylene (LDPE) - Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from
This fiber is made from the wood pulp cellulose of such hardwood trees as birch, oak, or eucalyptus, and is typically classified as a fiber cousin to rayon. Lyocell shares many properties with other cellulosic fibers such as cotton, linen, ramie and rayon. Some main characteristics of lyocell fibers are that it is soft, absorbent, very strong when wet or dry, and resistant to wrinkles; it can be machine- or hand-washed or drycleaned, it drapes well, and it can be dyed many colors, as well as simulating a variety of textures like suede, leather, or silk. In the United States, it is manufactured by Lenzing, Inc. and marketed under the trademarked brand name Tencel®.
A type of plant known for its climbing herbs and shrubs native to Africa, temperate Asia and North America. It has been used since ancient times as a vegetable red dye for leather, wool, cotton and silk. For dye production, the roots are harvested in the first year. The outer brown layer gives the common variety of the dye, the lower yellow layer the refined variety. See also "Natural Dyes".
One of the oldest staples in the cotton trade, a lightweight
This very popular semi-precious stone is named for the Greek word for "mallow", a green herb. The color is dark green. See also "Mineral Dyes".
Manganese is a gray-white metal, resembling iron. It is hard and very brittle. The color is a metallic silver to black. See also "Mineral Dyes".
An instrument in writing, signed by the captain of a ship that lists the individual shipments constituting the ships cargo.
A type of fiber obtained from the leaves of the abacá, a relative of the banana. It is mostly used for pulping for a range of uses, including specialty papers and once used mainly to make Manila rope. Manila envelopes and Manila papers take their name from this fiber. See also "Natural Vegetable Fibers".
Primarily foreign-owned assembly plants in Mexico. Foreign companies who have established manufacturing operations in Mexico to take advantage of the relatively inexpensive cost of Mexican labor.
Insurance that compensates the owners of goods transported overseas in the event of loss that cannot be legally recovered from the carrier. Also covers air shipments.
: A situation where a surge of imports of a certain product causes a sharp decline in the domestic sales of that product, and creates a hardship for domestic producers.
An economic system where resources are allocated and production of goods determined by market forces rather than by government decree.
A heavily felted, hard, plain face-finished cloth used for
A thin, soft material made from a polymer which is laminated to the fabric to provide properties such as strength, water-proofing or wind-proofing to enhance the fabric?s performance.
A process of treating a cotton yarn or fabric, in which the
A South American trade bloc made up of members from Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Member countries of Mercosur maintain a common external tariff and agree to reduce barriers to trade amongst themselves and their associate members (which also include Chile, Peru, and Bolivia), to further open their markets in return for preferential access to full members’ markets.
A type of wool that originates from pure-bred Merino sheep.
A type of fabric characterized by its net-like open appearance, and the spaces between the yarns. Mesh is available in a variety of constructions including wovens, knits, laces, or crocheted fabrics.
An inorganic fiber made from minerals and metals, blended and extruded to form fibers. The fiber is formed from a flat ribbon of metal, coated with a protective layer of plastic, which reduces tarnishing. Metal used in apparel fabric is purely decorative.
Methane is a highly flammable gas made up of carbon and
encapsulation - A method of enclosing polymer additive materials in microscopic capsules, which can then be released under certain conditions to enhance performance properties.
The temperature and humidity of the space between your skin and the base layer of clothing.
One of the most important developments in spinning man-
A soft, luxorous fabric with a velvety feel.
A unit of measure that describes the average staple fiber diameter in a lot of wool. Over he past 30 years, the Micron measurement has evolved to become the predominant term used commercially to describe the fineness of a wool fiber. A Micron is determined by the actual measurement when the wool lots are tested for sale during wool processing. Most wool fibers range in the area of 18-40 micron. Merino wool falls into the 18-24 micron range. The 25-32 micron, medium range wool, is usually defined by the word "Shetland", and is used in such applications as blankets and knitwear apparel. The 33-40 range Micron usually describes the wool most often used in the carpet industry.
A coating on a fabric that breathes through microscopic pores.
A weave that is tighter than lightweight, which combines warmth and wickability.
A natural dyestuff made from minerals, including ocher, limestone, manganese, cinnabar, azurite, and malachite.
Requiring normal home laundering methods and light
A manufactured fiber similar to acrylic in characteristics and end-uses. Modacrylics have a higher resistance to chemicals and combustion than acrylic, but also have a lower safe ironing temperature and a higher specific gravity than acrylic.
The long, lustrous and strong hair fibers from the Angora
The amount of water a completely dry fiber will absorb from the air at a standard condition of 70 degrees F and a relative humidity of 65%. Expressed as a % of the dry fiber weight.
The movement of water from one side of a fabric to the other, caused by capillary action, wicking, chemical or electrostatic action.
A single filament of a manufactured fiber, usually made in a denier higher than 14. Monofilaments are usually spun singularly, rather than extruded as a group of filaments through a spinneret and spun into a yarn. End-uses include hosiery and sewing thread.
A substance that fixes a dye in and on textiles or leather by combining with the dye to form a stable insoluble compound.
Fiber Agreements (MFA) - The objective of these agreements was to reconcile the interests of textile-exporting and textile-importing countries by permitting an orderly expansion of trade while avoiding market disruption. The MFA allowed an importing signatory country to apply quantitative restrictions on textile imports when it considered such restrictions necessary to prevent market disruption. MFA rules provided that quantitative restrictions should not reduce imports to levels below those attained during the preceding year, and should, if continued, permit trade to expand by specified percentages.
Negotiations on multilateral trade policy reforms began in Geneva in 2000 under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). These talks are part of ongoing international efforts to obtain economic benefits for a more open market.
A dye obtained from the roots of an herb plant grown in India; it is also known as Indian Madder. It produces a range of colors, from brick red to bright orange, and burgundy. See also "Natural Dyes".
An inexpensive, medium weight, plain weave, low count (less than 160 threads per square inch) cotton sheeting fabric. In its unfinished form, it is commonly used in fashion design to make trial garments for preliminary fit.
A polyester film used to cover a metallic yarn.
A lightweight plain weave cotton fabric, usually finished to create a luster and a soft hand. Common end-uses are infants' wear, blouses, and lingerie.
technology - Complex technology that involves nano-size materials and combines science such as biology, chemistry and physics and engineering.
Refers to fibers that are typically manufactuered through
This measurement used to describe a nanofiber refers to 1
A fuzzy, fur-like feel created when fiber ends extend from the basic fabric structure to the fabric surface. The fabric can be napped on either one or both sides.
The raising of fibers on the face of the goods by means of
Dyes that are made from mineral, vegetable (plant) or animal; otherwise obtained from natural sources. The most common types include Indigo, Cochineal, Lac, Logwood, Madder, Munjeet, Catechu, Brazilwood, Osage Orange, Fustic, Weld, Tannin, and Quercitron.
Biomolecules created freely in nature that spark chemical reactions. Whether they occur naturally in a dye or are added to a solution, they allow the dye to strongly bind to a mordanted fiber.
These are normally comprised of cellulose and include the following: Bamboo, Coir, Cotton, Flax, Hemp, Jute, Kenaf, Linen, Manila, Pina, Raffia, Ramie, and Sisal.
An open mesh fabric of rayon, nylon, cotton, or silk; made in
This is the process of greenhouse gas removal from the
A sustainable and organic fiber derived from a coarse, wild herb. It is naturally moth-repellant.
A lightweight, plain weave, made of silk or manufactured fibers, with an open mesh-like appearance. Since the fabric is made with high twist filament yarns, it has a crisp hand. End uses include eveningwear and curtains.
Tariff Barriers (NTB) - Additional taxes, customs valuations, border delays, or certifications.
A textile structure held together by interlocking of fibers in a
A yarn that is intentionally produced to have a special or unique effect. These effects can be produced by twisting together uneven single yarns, by using yarns that contain irregularities, or by twisting yarns that contain a color variance. A slubbed yarn is an example of a novelty yarn.
Produced in 1938, the first completely synthetic fiber
A manufactured fiber, most often used in sweaters or pile fabrics, where little or no pressing is recommended, as the fiber has a low softening or melting point. However, it has also been successfully used in blends with wool for the purpose of minimizing shrinkage and improving the shape retention in garments.
A bill of lading (B/L) indicating that the exporter consigns a shipment to an international carrier for transportation to a specified foreign market. Unlike an inland B/L, the Ocean Bill of Lading also serves as a collection document. If it is a “straight” B/L, the foreign buyer can obtain the shipment from the carrier by simply showing proof of identity. If a “negotiable” B/L is used, the buyer must first pay for the goods, post a bond, or meet other conditions agreeable to the seller.
Any of several earthy mineral oxides of iron occurring in yellow, brown, or red and used as pigments. See also "Mineral Dyes".
pressing - Pressing done after the garment is completely sewn.
A bill of lading in which a carrier certifies that goods have been placed on board a certain vessel.
shoulder construction - A method used on better coats that is characterized by
A trade arrangement in which goods are shipped to a foreign buyer without guarantee of payment. The obvious risk this method poses to the supplier makes it essential that the buyer’s integrity be unquestionable.
A marine insurance policy that applies to all shipments made by an exporter over a period of time rather than to one shipment only.
An agreement between the EU and the United States meant to liberalize the transatlantic air market. The pact would provide for a range of measures affecting areas from airline ownership rules to market access for carriers on both sides of the Atlantic.
A negotiable bill of lading made out to the order of the shipper.
A stiffened, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium to high yarn count. End-uses include blouses, dresses, and curtains/draperies.
Products that are grown or raised without synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or hormones.
Cotton that is grown without pesticides from plants that are not genetically modified using crop rotation and biological pest control instead of pesticides and artificial fertilizers.
A charitable organization committed to expanding organic agriculture, with a specific focus on increasing the production and use of organically grown fibers such as cotton. To support this goal, they bring together brands and retailers with their business partners, farmers and key shareholders to learn about the social and environmental benefits of organic agriculture and to develop new business models and tools that support greater use of organic inputs. In addition, they raise consumer awareness about the value of organic farming and the availability of products containing organic cotton.
An extremely durable sustainable fiber that is made from the flax plant and grown without herbicides or pesticides.
A crisp, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium
A large shrub native to central and southeastern United States, The roots and inner bark produce colors ranging from bright yellows to khaki green. See also "Natural Dyes".
A tough medium to heavyweight coarsely woven plain weave
A tightly woven plain weave ribbed fabric with a hard slightly lustered surface. The ribbed effect is created by weaving a finer silk or manufactured warp yarn with a heavier filler yarn, usually made of cotton, wool, or waste yarn. In the construction, the heavier filler yarn is completely covered by the warp yarn, thus creating the ribbed effect. End uses for this fabric include coats, suits, dresses, upholstery, and draperies.
The distance from the bottom of the trouser leg to the top of
Enclosed heating chamber used by garment manufacturers
Soft, somewhat porous, and rather stout cotton shirting
An alternative bleaching process used for finishing in denim manufacturing. It is environmentally acceptable because it does not use harmful chemicals, requires a low quantity of water, and bleaching is achieved in a relatively short amount of time at room temperature.
A list showing the number and kinds of items being shipped, as well as other information needed for transportation purposes.
A tear-drop shaped, fancy printed pattern, used in dresses, blouses, and men's ties.
An edible plant oil derived from the fruit of the Arecaceae Elaeis oil palm; it has surpassed soybean oil as the most widely produced vegetable oil in the world. Palm oil production is a basic source of income for many of the world's rural poor in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America; many social initiatives use profits from palm oil to finance poverty alleviation strategies. This rising demand for palm oil has resulted in tropical forest being cleared to establish new palm plantations. There is growing concern that this will be harmful to the environment in many ways, including significant greenhouse gas emissions, habitat destruction of endangered species, and eventual extinction of such species.
A compactly woven, lightweight fabric comparable with
The postal authorities’ signed acknowledgement of delivery to receiver of a shipment made by parcel post.
The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on
A grant made by the U.S. Government that confers upon the creator of a product the sole right to make, use, and sell that product for a set period of time.
A heavy twill weave drapeable satin fabric, made of silk or a manufactured fiber, and used for bridal gowns and eveningwear.
A medium weight, plain weave, low to medium count (180 to 250 threads per square inch) cotton-like fabric. End-uses include sheets, blouses, and dresses.
free (PFC-free) - This material, fabric, or membrane is an organofluorine
A bond issued to the recipient of a contract's contents as a guarantee in case the obligations specified in the contract are not met.
Fabrics made for a variety of end-use applications, which provide functional qualitites, such as moisture management, UV protection, anti-microbial, thermo-regulation, and wind/water resistance.
A marine insurance term used to designate heavy weather, stranding, lightning collision, and seawater damage.
A textile characteristic which allows air, water, and water vapor to penetrate and pass through it.
Said of fabrics or garments that resist acid or alkaline
Chemicals made from petroleum, coal and/or natural gas. First synthesized in the mid-1800s, scientists created chemicals that could be substituted for natural products. Today, many common household and industrial products are derived from petrochemicals, including plastics, soaps, detergents, drugs, pesticides, aspirin, furniture, and apparel.
A hydrophilic compound applied to a fiber or fabric which results in superior breathability and a moisture management system within the fabric that helps to maintain a comfortable body temperature when the garment is worn.
Fabrics that change color or pattern when exposed to light,
These chemicals are salts or esters of phthalic acid. The esters are commonly used as plasticizers to soften polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and increase the flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity of plastic products. However, when ingested, phthalates can cause kidney and liver damage. Due to these health concerns, phthalates are now being phased out of many products in the United States, Canada, and the European Union.
A filling yarn that runs crosswise between selveges in woven
A fabric in which certain yarns project from a foundation
A type of knit construction which utilizes a special yarn or a sliver that is interlooped into a standard knit base. This construction is used in the formation of imitation fur fabrics, in special liners for cold weather apparel such as jackets and coats, and in some floor coverings. While any basic knit stitch may be used for the base of pile knits, the most common is the jersey stitch.
A type of decorative weave in which a pile is formed by
The ability of a fabric to hinder or avoid the formation of
A tangled ball of fibers that appears on the surface of a
A narrow tape used to bind seams, or used for decoration.
A polymer fiber made with 100% annually renewable
A pattern consisting of colored bars or stripes which cross
colored motif of rather large pattern
A basic weave, utilizing a simple alternate interlacing of warp
In Woven Fabrics: A narrow fabric made by crossing a number of sturdy yarns diagonally, so each strand passes alternatively over or under one or more of the other stands. Typically used in shoe laces and suspenders. In Knitted Fabrics: Also known as bi-ply knitting, this special knit construction uses the addition of a second yarn within the same stitch. The second yarn is generally of a different color or type. During the knitting process the second yarn is placed under the first yarn, so that each yarn can be rolled to a specific side of the fabric. In many cases, one yarn/color appears on the face of the fabric, and the other yarn/contrast color appears on the back.
1) PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) - A form of polyester used
A portion of the fabric folded over, and secured by stitching
A twisting together of two or more single yarns in one
Two or more yarns that have been twisted together. An
A piece of shell (outer) material super-imposed on the top of
In export financing, the risk of loss due to currency inconvertibility, government action preventing entry of goods, expropriation or confiscation, and war.
A manufactured fiber introduced in the early 1950s, and is the
A high molecular weight structure, which makes up the substance from which manufactured fibers are produced. The fiber is created by linking together the chain-like molecular units called monomers.
Also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in
The most common form is a naturally colored lightweight,
A fabric made in a double knit construction, usually produced in one color rather than color patterns. This plain fabric has an elastic quality with a slight horizontal line. The fabric looks the same on both sides.
A fabric made using a rib variation of the plain weave. The
This involves favoring ethical products, whether it involves fair trade, cruelty-free products, organic, recycled, re-used, or produced locally.
Cure - A type of durable press finish in which the finish is applied to
Cure - A finishing treatment in which the durable press finish is
Also referred to as precision farming, precision agriculture
Provides nutrients and water to plants at the optimal time and
(i). A creditor's right to be paid before other creditors of the same debtor.
1. A device that uses heat and pressure to remove wrinkles
Sensitive Fabrics - Fabrics that incorporate sensors, which respond to pressure,
An invoice provided by a supplier prior to the shipment of merchandise, informing the buyer of the kinds and quantities of goods to be sent, their value, and important specifications (weight, size, etc.)
free (polytetrafluoroethylene-free) - A fabric or membrane made of an environmentally safe
A fabric made from Polytetrafluoroethylene, such as Gore-Tex.
The uneven surface caused by differential shrinkage in the
An agent who purchases goods in his or her own country on behalf of foreign importers such as government agencies and large private concerns.
A basic stitch used in weft knitting, which produces knit fabrics that have the same appearance on both sides. The purl stitch is frequently used in combination with the jersey and rib stitches to produce a knitted fabric design. Sweaters, knitted fabrics for infants and children's wear, knitted fabrics for specialized sportswear, and bulky knit fabrics are commonly made using the purl stitch.
A yellow dye obtained from the bark of the Eastern Black Oak, a forest tree indigenous in North America. The dye is prepared by grinding the bark in mills after it has been freed from its black outer layer and sifting the product to remove the fibrous matter, producing a fine yellow powder. See also "Natural Dyes".
The ability of a fabric to dry fast. Typically, cotton is
A fabric construction in which a layer of down or fiberfill is placed between two layers of fabric, and then held in place by stitching or sealing in a regular, consistent, all-over pattern on the goods.
The quantity of goods of a specific kind that a country permits to be imported.
An offer to sell goods at a stated price and under specific conditions.
A type of palm that is native to tropical regions of Africa and parts of Central and South America. The fiber is used for ropes, sticks, supporting beams and various roof coverings are made out of its fibrous branches and leaves. The membrane on the underside of each individual frond leaf is taken off to create a long thin fiber which can be dyed and used for decorative ribbon for gift-wrapping, or woven as a textile into products ranging from hats to shoes to decorative mats. See also "Natural Vegetable Fibers".
A sustainable bast fiber, similar to flax, taken from the stalk of a plant grown in East Asia and China. It’s three to five times stronger than cotton, extremely absorbent, and dries quickly. It is often mistaken for linen.
A warp knitted fabric in which the resulting knit fabric resembles hand crocheted fabrics, lace fabrics, and nettings. Raschel warp knits contain inlaid connecting yarns in addition to columns of knit stitches.
A natural unprocessed material used in a manufacturing process; defined as “unfinished goods consumed by a manufacturer in the production of finished goods”.
A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose, derived from cotton linters or the wood pulp of pine, spruce, or hemlock trees. Today, various names for rayon fibers are taken from different manufacturing processes. The two most commonly used production methods for rayon are the cuprammonium process and the viscose process. Rayon is soft and absorbent. End-uses for rayon include shirts, dresses, and slacks.
To return to or bring into an acceptable condition for re-use. These fabrics are basically made from spinning room floor waste that is made into mop yarns or has other low-end industrial uses.
Any material that can be made into a new product.
Any material from a previous product that has been reprocessed into a new product. Sources for recycling include any reclaimed material that would otherwise be discarded. Recycled production prevents useful materials resources from being wasted and reduces consumption of raw materials.
Polyester that has been manufactured by using previously used polyester items; it can be created from used clothing as well as recycled plastic containers.
A fabric defect that occurs in woven fabrics, and identified as a mark or barre, or an irregular spacing between groups of yarns across the width of the fabric. This disturbance is caused by defective or damaged reeds or by a faulty setting of the loom or yarns in the structure of a woven fabric when the fabric is manufactured.
This Silk fiber is the original silk filament obtained through the process of unwinding this filament as it comes out of the cocoon, using reeling appliances. typically, 3-10 silk filaments are reeled together. Reeled silk is strong, has an appreciated Shine, and is soft. A Knit fabric, made from reeled silk is very luxurious. Reeled silk is believed by many to be the king of all types of silk that is manufactured globally.
All materials emit energy by thermal radiation as a result of their temperature. The amount of energy or radiant heat reflected depends on the surface temperature. The higher the surface temperature is, the greater the reflection will be. Reflective Insulation Technology has been used by NASA since the earliest satellites, and continues to be used today as the primary space suit insulation to protect every astronaut in space from the extreme temperatures of outer space. The technology is effective in temperatures as high as 120 degrees C. (250 degrees F.) to as low as -273 degrees C. (-400 degrees F.)
Regenerative agriculture is focused on improving soil health,
The bank that sends the draft to the overseas bank for collection.
Energy generated from natural resources, including sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat, all of which are renewable and easily replenished.
The ability of a fabric to resist such things as wetting and staining by water, stains, soil, etc.
An individual or firm that serves as the foreign representative of a domestic supplier and seeks sales abroad for the supplier.
Fibers reclaimed from scraps of fabric never previously used.
A private advisory and research firm specializing in corporate reputation management founded in 1997 in New York. They provide knowledge-based consulting services to companies interested in measuring and managing their reputations proactively. Since 2005, they have been responsible for conducting the Global Pulse Study.
Residual waste is a significant environmental issue that
The ability of a fabric to spring back to its original shape after being twisted, crushed, wrinkled, or distorted in any way.
The name commonly applied to synthetic chemical
A letter of credit that can be canceled or altered by the drawee (buyer) after it has been issued by the drawee’s bank.
A basic stitch used in weft knitting in which the knitting machines require two sets of needles operating at right angles to each other. Rib knits have a very high degree of elasticity in the crosswise direction. This knitted fabric is used for complete garments and for such specialized uses as sleeve bands, neck bands, sweater waistbands, and special types of trims for use with other knit or woven fabrics. Lightweight sweaters in rib knits provide a close, body-hugging fit.
One of the plain weave variations, which is formed by using: 1) heavy yarns in the warp or filling direction, or 2) a substantially higher number of yarns per inch in one direction than in the other, or 3) several yarns grouped together as one. Rib fabrics are all characterized by having a slight ridge effect in one direction, usually the filling. Such fabrics may have problems with yarn slippage, abrasion resistance, and tear strength. Examples of this construction include broadcloth, poplin, taffeta, faille, shantung, and cord fabric.
A fillet or narrow woven fabric of varying widths, commonly
Flat braid in a zig-zag formation. Made from several types
A system of spinning, using a ring spinning frame that drafts
This Cotton yarn is created through a process that twists together the cotton fibers from the seedpod of the cotton plant. The Ring-spun cotton yarn is made by continuously twisting and thinning the fiber strands to create a very fine rope of the cotton fibers. The Ring Spun twisting makes a stronger cotton yarn than conventional cotton yarn, with a significantly softer hand. The number of times the fibers are twisted determines how soft the yarn is.
stop Nylon - A lightweight, wind resistant, and water resistant plain weave
The length of trouser from the top of the waistband at the fly
RN stands for Registered Identification Number. It is a number issued by the Federal Trade Commission to U.S. businesses that manufacture, import, distribute, or
These rules are important in implementing such trade policy instruments as anti-dumping and countervailing duties, origin marking, and safeguard measures. The domestic textile industry pushed for a rule of origin change, shifting the origin designation for apparel from where it is cut, to where it is assembled, thus shifting quota numbers.
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) permits two forms of multilateral safeguards: (i) a country's right to impose temporary import controls or other trade restrictions to prevent commercial injury to domestic industry, and (ii) the corresponding right of exporters not to be deprived arbitrarily of access to markets.
This term is allowed on Bills of Lading with respect to cargo descriptions. Manifests can no longer use this cargo descriptive term under the 24-hour rule, issued in October 2002.
Any heavy, plain-weave canvas fabric, usually made of
The trade name for a number of polymers that share similarities to vinyl. The main advantage of Saran film is a very low permeability to water vapor, flavor and aroma molecules, and oxygen compared to other plastics. The barrier to oxygen prevents food spoilage, and the barrier to flavor and aroma molecules helps food retain its flavor and aroma.
A manufactured fiber which has an excellent resistance to sunlight and weathering, and is used in lawn furniture, upholstery, and carpets.
A sustainable fabric that is derived from a blend of Japanese paper and kumazasa herb. Saswashi is a beautiful fabric that has a soft touch similar to cashmere or Egyptian cotton, but is has a dry feel like linen. It does not pill or fuzz, and is twice as absorbent as cotton. It is said to have natural anti-allergen and anti-bacterial properties.
This cloth is made with a 5-end or an 8-shaft satin weave in warp-face or filling-face effects made from yarns with low luster, such as cotton or other staple length fibers. The fabric has a soft, smooth hand and a gentle, subtle luster. Sateen fabrics are often used for draperies and upholstery.
A variation of the satin weave, produced by floating fill yarns
A traditional fabric utilizing a satin weave construction to
A basic weave, characterized by long floats of yarn on the
Originally a high grade coating fabric made from Saxony
Refers to the statistical classification of domestic and foreign commodities exported from the United States. All commodities exported from the United States must be assigned a seven-digit Schedule B number.
Originated in Switzerland, the word, Schiffli, means "boat",
A unique process of circular knitting, done on either Santoni or Sangiacomo knitting machines. This circular knitting process essentially produces finished garments with no side seams, which require only minimal sewisng to complete the garment. Seamless knitting can transform yarn into complete garments in a fraction of the time it takes for traditional garment manufacturing, by minimizing the traditional labor-intensive steps of sutting and sewing.
This term can refer to either "seamless knitting" (See Seamless Knitting), or "welding/bonding technology", which uses a bonding agent to attach two pieces of fabric together, and eliminates the need for sewing threads. (See welding.)
The circumference of a pant, measured perpendicular to the
A woven fabric which incorporates modification of tension
goods - When the same material is used as a pocket lining, or in a
The thin compressed edge of a woven fabric which runs
One of the oldest basic terms in textiles, it now implies any
An overcasting technique done on the cut edge of a fabric to
A silk fabric very similar to but heavier than pongee. A
Fabrics that can return to their original shape after being
A hard-finished, low lustered, medium-weight fabric in a twill-weave construction. It is most commonly found in men's worsted suitings; however, it can also be found in a plain-weave construction of acetate, triacetate, and rayon for women's sportswear.
A outer fabric from which the garment is made.
Commodities in ‘short supply’ may be subject to export controls to protect the domestic economy from the excessive drain of scarce materials and to reduce
The boat-like devise on weaving machines, which carries the
An opening created by the facing tacked onto the swing
The only natural fiber that comes in a filament form; from
Process of burning off protruding fibers from fabrics to give
A strong bast fiber that originates from the leaves of the Agave plant, which is found in the West Indies, Central America, and Africa. End-uses include cordage and twine.
The application of a size mixture to warp yarn. The purpose
The sleeves measured from the center of the neckline in the
Stitches which attach the sleeve to the lining along the sleeve
A finished slit or opening in the sleeve.
A continuous bundle of loosely spun assembled untwisted
A type of circular knitting that creates high pile fabrics. The
Slow Fashion is the opposite of fast fashion. It advocates the
Textiles that can sense and react to changes in the environment, such as changes from mechanical , thermal, chemical, magnetic and other sources.
Soft shell fabrics combine the benefits of hard shell fabrics with a breathable, flexible, comfortable fabric. Stretch wovens with a DWR treatment.
A finish that has the purpose of increasing the absorbency
dyed - A type of fiber dyeing in which colored pigments are injected
Soy fibers blended with cotton to create a textile that has the benefits of both fabrics and can be colored using low impact dyes. With a very soft hand, it is a popular choice for baby clothes.
A non-petroleum based ink made from soybeans; non-toxic and biodegradable; environmentally friendlier than traditional petroleum based ink.
Also known as “vegetable cashmere”, soybean fiber is a sustainable textile fiber made from the residue of soybeans from tofu production. It is part of an effort to move consumers away from petrochemical textile products and turn waste into useful products. Soybean fiber has superior warmth retention, moisture transmission and bacterial resistance; it is also soft, smooth, and light. With a cashmere-like texture, it has a silky luster and the same moisture absorption as cotton. It is typically used for underwear, socks, scarves, sheets, and yoga/exercise apparel.
Two separate fabrics faces knitted independently and then connected by a separate spacer yarn. These fabrics can be produced on both circular and flat knitting machines. Spacer fabrics have the properties of good breathability, crush resistance, and a 3D appearance.
A manufactured elastomeric fiber that can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking, and will still recover to its original length. This fiber is widely used in the manufacturing of garments to create elasticity.
A metal nozzle type device with very fine holes used in the spinning process of manufactured fibers. The spinning solution is forced or extruded through the small holes to form continuous filament fibers. The holes in the spinneret can vary in diameter to produce fibers of various denier.
This final operation in the production of a natural yarn,
A pre-shrinkage process which involves the dampening with
The purchase or sale of foreign exchange for immediate delivery.
A woven construction in which patterns are built in at spaced intervals through the use of extra warp and/or extra fill yarns are placed in selected areas. These yarns are woven into the fabric by means of a dobby or Jacquard attachment.
A yarn made by taking a group of short staple fibers, which
The ability of a fabric to resist wetting and staining by water.
A fiber or fabric property of resisting spots and stains.
Short fibers, typically ranging from 1/2 inch up to 18 inches
A piece of fabric used to hold another piece of fabric in
A group of steamship operators that operate under mutually agreed-upon freight rates.
Wind proof, wind resistant outerwear.
A nonnegotiable bill of lading in which the goods are consigned directly to a named consignee.
Continuous filament synthetic yarns that have been altered
Fabric on which coatings or other fabrics are applied; a support.
Term used to describe a fabric used in outerwear, which allows for a minimum pack volume and weight. These lightweight, packable garments offer the most versatile weather protection. Some of these fabrics have a protection layer on the membrane, which provides durability. This means that the garments made from the extra lightweight fabrics need no separate lining.
Supply chain traceability enables companies to identify, track,
Supply chain transparency refers to visibility and accessibility
A light weight, lustrous twill weave constructed fabric with a silk-like hand. Surah is the fabric of ties, dresses, and furnishings. It is available in silk, polyester, and rayon.
Sustainability means having the ability to maintain and support
Increasing productivity on existing agricultural land with
This project focuses on the production and use of cotton. Because it is the most widely grown and chemical-intensive crops in the world, along with being versatile enough for foods and fiber products, it is one of the most widely traded commodities in the world. The production of a basic t-shirt can therefore take a toll on the earth’s air, water, and soil; thus the Sustainable Cotton Project encourages the production and demand for California-grown Cleaner Cotton™.
Developed by the United Nations (UN) the Sustainable
Sustainable Fashion, also called eco-fashion and ethical
Any material that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. In so doing, the way that these materials are harvested or used assures that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged. The resource can therefore continue indefinitely without a significant negative impact on the environment or its inhabitants.
Man-made biomolecules that spark chemical reactions.
Manufactured fibers that attempt to improve upon naturally occurring plant and animal fibers. Before synthetic fibers were developed, artificially manufactured fibers were made from cellulose, which is derived from plants. Common synthetic fibers include rayon, acetate, nylon, acrylic and polyester. Specialty synthetic fibers include Lyocell and PLA.
A lustrous, medium weight, plain weave fabric with a slight
A bitter, astringent plant derivative that is commonly used to tan animal hides into leather. Tannins produce different colors, including either blue, blue black, or green to greenish black. See also "Natural Dyes".
Fabric sewn to a garment at the front edges, armholes,
A heavy, often hand-woven, ribbed fabric, featuring an elaborate design depicting a historical or current pictorial display. The weft-faced fabric design is made by using colored filling yarns, only in areas where needed, that are worked back and forth over spun warp yarns, which are visible on the back. End-uses include wall hangings and upholstery.
The weight of a container and packing materials without the weight of the goods it contains. Compare Gross Weight.
The force necessary to tear a fabric, measured by the force
These fabrics incorporate materials that help maintain a stable
The time fixed or allowed for payment, as in "the tenor of a draft."
A type of decorative weave, characterized by a puckered effect which occurs because the tension in the warp yarns is intentionally varied before the filling yarns are placed in the fabric.
A finishing process in which a fabric is stretched under tension on a frame as part of the manufacturing process. The tentering process will carry the fabric through a heated chamber and hold the fabric goods so that its proper width is set and the fabric dries evenly.
A typical uncut pile weave fabric. This fabric is formed by
A pile weave cotton fabric with an uncut pile on one side and a cut pile on the reverse side. Terry velour is valued for its soft, luxurious hand. Typical uses include towels, robes, and apparel.
The yarns that result after undegoing the texturizing process, which can create crimping, looping, and otherwise modify the filament yarn for the purpose of increasing cover, abrasion resistance, insulation, warmth resilience, or moisture absorption, and to provide a different surface texture. When filament yarns are texturized, and then woven or knitted into fabrics, the result is that the finished fabric?s properties resemble a fabric that has been made from a spun yarn. Most of today's filament polyester is texturized.
A process performed on specialized machinery which create bulk, stretch to the yarn, and therefore creates new aesthetics to the finished fabric.
The ability of a fabric to retain heat.
These fabrics change color in response to temperature
The ability to maintain a constant temperature independent of dynamic (changing) environmental conditions.
The number of ends and picks per inch in a woven cloth; the
A single bill of lading converting both the domestic and international carriage of an export shipment. An air waybill, for instance, is essentially a through bill of lading used for air shipments. Ocean shipments, on the other hand, usually require two separate documents; an Inland of Bill of Lading for domestic carriage and an Ocean Bill of Lading for international carriage. Through Bills of Lading are
A tightly woven, very durable fabric, usually made of cotton, and used for covering mattresses, box springs, pillows, and work clothes. The fabric can be made by using a plain, satin, or twill weave construction.
A draft that matures either a certain number of days after acceptance or a certain number of days after the date of the draft. Compare Date draft and Sight draft.
A large bundle of continuous manufactured filament fibers,
The ability to trace products and their components back
Verification of trade reference to determine its duration, credit, terms, balance and manner of payment—a service offered by many credit and business investigative companies.
A trademark is any word, phrase, symbol, design, sound, smell, color, product configuration, group of letters or numbers, or combination of these, adopted and used by a company to identify its products or services, and distinguish them from products and services made, sold, or provided by others.
A ship not operating on regular routes or schedules.
Atlantic Business Dialogue (TABD) - A government-business initiative that aims to facilitate closer economic relations between the European Union and the United States by lowering trade and investment barriers that impede competitiveness on both sides of the Atlantic. The U.S. Department of Commerce acts as the lead agency for the U.S. government, and the European Commission acts as the lead for the European Union. The goal of the TABD is to focus governments' attention on issues for which consensus exists
A document that delineates the terms and conditions agreed upon between the importer and exporter.
A transparent object is one that can be seen through, with
(i) To transfer goods from one transportation line to another, or from one ship to another, or from one airline to another in order to complete a delivery.
A manufactured fiber, which like acetate, is made by modifying cellulose. However, even more acetate groups have been added to create this fiber. Triacetate is less absorbent and less sensitive to high temperatures than acetate. It can be hand or machine washed and tumble dried, with relatively good wrinkle recovery.
A warp knit fabric in which the fabric is formed by
cut - Tapered and tailored, or a form-fitting garment.
Double the length of a coverall, from the center of the
Release of merchandise by a bank to a buyer in which the bank retains title to the merchandise. The buyer, who obtains the goods for manufacturing or sales purposes, is obligated to maintain the goods (or the proceeds from their sale) distinct from the remainder of his or her own assets and to hold them ready for repossession by the bank.
A lightweight, extremely fine, machine-made netting, usually with a hexagon shaped mesh effect. End-uses include dance costumes and veils.
The reversing of two or more pieces of material that are
A medium to heavy weight, fluffy, woolen, twill weave fabric containing colored slubbed yarns. Common end-uses include coats and suits.
A fundamental weave characterized by diagonal lines, usually
A term that applies to the number of turns and the direction that two yarns are turned during the manufacturing process. The yarn twist brings the fibers close together and makes them compact. It helps the fibers adhere to one another, increasing yarn strength. The direction and amount of yarn twist helps determine appearance, performance, durability of both yarns and the subsequent fabric or textile product. Single yarns may be twisted to the right (S twist) or to the left (Z twist). Generally, woolen and worsted yarns are S-twist, while cotton and flax yarns are typically Z-twist. Twist is generally expressed as turns per inch (tpi), turns per meter (tpm), or turns per centimeter (tpc).
Light Weight - Term used to describe a fabric used in outerwear, which allows for a minimum pack volume and weight. Lightweight packable garments offer the most versatile weather protection. Some of these fabrics have a protective layer on the membrane, which provides durability. This means that the garments made from extra lightweight fabrics need no separate lining.
press - To press the underside of a garment section during
The UNFCCC is the United Nations (UN) Framework
Upcycling involves the converting or repurposing of old, worn or
The Uruguay Round was established in 1982 at a ministerial meeting of General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) members in Geneva. 123 countries participate in the negotiations that cut tariff rates, reduce technical barriers to trade,
The breaking down of fibers or fabrics when exposed to ultraviolet rays.
The difference between the value of goods produced and the cost of producing them – the wages, interest, rent, and profits added to the output by a firm or industry.
A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or
Dyes derived from insects or from the earth, including dyes made from plants and bark, which includes madder root, indigo, milkweed, pomegranate, Osage, cutch and cochineal. These also include natural dyes produced from berries, roots and bark. They are not as colorfast as chrome dyes and produce unusual shades of blue, green and other colors. They contain no synthetic chemicals and, due to their natural ingredients, tend to fade faster than chrome dyes.
A medium weight, closely woven fabric with a thick pile. It
A medium weight short cut-pile constructed fabric in which
A filling pile cloth in which the pile is made by cutting an
A synthetic fiber polymer made from polyvinyl chloride. In some countries other than the United States, vinyon fibers are referred to as polyvinyl chloride fibers and is similar in nature to vinyl. It can bind non-woven fibers and fabrics. It was invented in 1939. See also Synthetic fibers.
New wool that has never been used before, or reclaimed
A signature of formal approval on a document, generally obtained from consulates.
The most common type of rayon. It is produced in much greater quantity than cuprammonium rayon, the other commercial type.
A crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton-like fabric, made
The circumference of a garment normally taken at the top of
In a knitted fabric, the series of loops that are formed by a single needle, which runs vertically or lengthwise in a knitted fabric.
A receipt issued by a warehouse listing goods received for storage.
A measurement used to evaluate the effectiveness of an insulated product in relation to weather conditions and the environment. The insulation with the best rating is down. Down provides the best warmth to weight ratio over almost any other insulation material, which is why you will see down garments and sleeping bags as the primary choice for use in almost every high altitude, cold weather expedition.
In all woven fabrics, this is the set of yarn running lengthwise
A type of knitted fabric construction in which the yarns are
It Starts with a Cape
and-Wear - Ability of a garment to be washed by hand or in a washing
Materials that will not fade or shrink during washing or
A small pocket in the garment, typically located just below
Based Products and Finishes - An environmentally-friendly alternative. These products and finishes are nonflammable and odorless. They offer reduced exposure to toxic materials and help reduce environmental pollution. Water-based products are easy to clean and dry faster than other non-water-based products.
Ability of a fabric to resist penetration by water, under
Fabric treated chemically to resist water or given a "wax-
A term applied to fabrics whose pores have been closed, and
The process of forming a fabric on a loom by interlacing the
In woven fabric, the filling yarns that run perpendicular to the warp yarns.
A type of knitted fabric in which yarns are formed into stitches in widthwise manner. Common examples of weft knits are circular knits and flat knits.
There are three ways by which fabric is sold. 1. Ounces per
A weeding plant that has been used as a source for a brilliant yellow dye. It was originally from the Middle East, North Africa, and the Mediterranean area, but has subsequently spread throughout Europe and parts of the United States. Weld is harvested by cutting and binding the flowering stalks together after the flowers are nearly finished blooming. Most of the dye is contained in the seeds. See also "Natural Dyes".
The outer layer of a bonded wor welded garment, such as a jacket.
There are two basic methods for applying bonding or welded seams. The first method uses an adhesive film, and the application of heat to glue or laminate two substrates together. The second method involves gluing or attaching two fabrics, using ultrasonic technology. The creation and channeling of high frequency vibratory waves cause a rapid buildup of heat in synthetic fabrics to create the bonding.
1. A strip of material seamed to a pocket opening as a
A charge assessed by a pier or dock owner for handling incoming or outgoing cargo.
A woven fabric with a very steep and compacted twill
on-White - Some fabrics, such as men's shirtings or broadcloth, poplin,
A very broad term which implies any goods bleached and
When used in reference to yarns or thread, ‘wholly formed’ means that all of the production processes, starting with the extrusion of filament, or the spinning of fibers into yarn, took place in a single country. The term also applies to fabrics produced in a single country.
The ability of a fiber or a fabric to disperse moisture and allow it to pass through to the surface of the fabric, so that evaporation can take place.
Dispersing or spreading of moisture or liquid through a given area by capillary action in a material.
A converted cotton cloth, dyed black, brown or gray, and
The ability of a fabric to act against or oppose the penetration of wind or air, but it is not totally windproof.
The ability of a fabric to be nonpermeable to wind and air.
A term indicating that a shipper’s agents or representative is empowered to make definitive decisions and adjustment abroad without the approval of the group or individual represented. Compare Advisory capacity.
Comes from the Anglo-Saxon "owef". It is another name for
Usually associated with fiber or fabric made from the fleece
A tightly woven fabric made by using only long staple,
The textile process of manufacturing spun yarns from staple
Fabrics composed of two sets of yarns. One set of yarns, the warp, runs along the length of the fabric. The other set of yarns, the fill or weft, is perpendicular to the warp. Woven fabrics are held together by weaving the warp and the fill yarns over and under each other.
A resistant to wrinkling created through the use of a variety
Similar to resiliency. It is the ability of a fabric to bounce
A continuous strand of textile fibers created when a cluster
The rule stating that yarn used to form a fabric must originate in a NAFTA country.
The front and backs of a shirt are joined without a yoke
Also known as waste minimization, this is a set of principles
The physical parts of the zipper are: scoop teeth, chain,
A corporation, partnership or party that uses a U.S. foreign trade zone for storage, handling, processing, or manufacturing merchandise, whether foreign or domestic.
Item 107 - White Bomber Bra
Developed in the 1980s in the United States, this synthetic